Grouping of computers in a computer information database system

ABSTRACT

A computer information database system manages computer profile data grouping the plurality of computers in groups that are nodes of a tree in accordance with user-specified grouping criteria that are respective values of computer profile data of interest, and manipulating the database data to produce summaries of attributes of the computers in a given group and in the groups in the subtree that has the given group as its root. The grouping criteria may be ranges of values for primary grouping criteria, particular values for primary and secondary grouping criteria, ranges of values for both primary and secondary grouping criteria, and so forth. The system uses a group mapping database table that includes profile value-to-match fields for the primary grouping criteria and, as appropriate, the secondary grouping criteria. To use ranges of values, the group mapping database table includes for each range an associated low limit profile value field and a high limit profile value field. If particular values are used as either or both of the primary and secondary criteria, the corresponding low and high limits may be set to the same values or respective value to match fields may be used instead of the high and low limit fields. If there are no secondary grouping criteria associated with a particular primary grouping range, the corresponding entries for the secondary low and high limit profile values or, as appropriate, the entry for the corresponding value to match field is/are set to NULL. Additional grouping criteria may also be used to further refine the selection of computers for the groups, with additional fields for associated values-to-match or ranges included in the group mapping database table. The values or ranges for any or all of the grouping criteria may be altered and/or the values or ranges for grouping criteria may be added to records in which the corresponding fields were set to NULL to change the way in which the computers are grouped.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/460,992, which was filed on Apr. 7, 2003, by Gary H. Newman and James W. Franklin for a GROUPING OF COMPUTERS IN A COMPUTER INFORMATION DATABASE SYSTEM, and is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] 1. Field of the Invention

[0003] The invention relates generally to systems and methods of managing profile data for a plurality of personal computers and, more particularly, to systems and methods of grouping personal computer profile data.

[0004] 2. Background Information

[0005] A computer profile includes computer configuration data, such as data that identifies the computer hardware and installed software. The profile may also include other information, such as, for example, associated software license information, performance data, and other user specified data. In a prior system for managing a computer information database that contains computer profile data, a profile group managing server manages the data according to a tree-structured grouping of the computers. The tree structure, which is designated by the system administrator, may, for example, follow the organizational chart of a company, with the top level node, or group, corresponding to the company and lower level nodes, or groups, corresponding to the various branch offices, and so forth. In the example, the computers may be grouped according to IP subnets that correspond to the branch offices. The profile group managing server then manipulates the profile data to produce reports that summarize the attributes of the computers at every group level, with the reports for a given group including the sub-tree that has the group as its root. A user can then utilize the summaries that are of interest . In the example, a user in a particular branch office may be interested only in the information for the computers in that office, and thus, use the reports produced for the branch office group level. However, a user in the company head office may be interested in the information for all of the company computers, and thus, use the reports produced at the company group level. One such computer information database management system is the BelManage system (version 6) produced by Belarc, Inc., of Maynard, Mass. which is the Assignee of the current invention.

[0006] For certain grouping methods, the prior system uses client software that is configured to explicitly specify the particular groups to which the respective computers are assigned. Thus, client software which is configured for a particular group is installed on each computer that is included in the group. For grouping methods based on Lotus Notes Id, the client software uses the organizational structure of the Lotus Notes e-mail addresses of the primary users. For other grouping methods, the prior system uses client software that is configured for the top level group and a group mapping database table to further map the computers to the various lower-level groups.

[0007] The group mapping database table has two fields, namely, a profile value-to-match field that contains values of particular profile data and a group field that identifies the groups into which computers with matching profile data values are to be included. The particular data selected for use as the profile value-to-match depends on possible grouping methods. The grouping method may be based on administrator selected groupings, PC Name, Windows Login, Windows Domain or Workgroup, IP address, and so forth. The profile values-to-match maybe, for example, for groupings based on PC Name or Windows Domain the ProfileName or ComputerDomain, respectively. Further, the groupings based on IP subnet may use selected higher order bits of the computer's IP address as the profile value-to-match, and the administrator-selected groupings may use other data included in the profiles as the profile value-to-match.

[0008] The group profile managing server determines which group a given computer belongs in by extracting the data of interest from the profile data received from the computer, and consulting the group mapping database table. If the extracted data matches any of the profile value-to-match entries in the table records, the group managing server includes the computer in the group listed in the first record found to contain an exact match. If no matching record is found, the system includes the computer in the topmost group.

[0009] In the prior system the administrator changes the group assignment for selected computers either by re-installing properly configured client software on the respective selected computers or, as appropriate, by changing the applicable records in the group mapping database table. When the computers next send their profile data to the profile group managing server, the server manages the data in accordance with the newly defined groups.

[0010] While the prior system works well, there is a need for a system with greater flexiblity to manage groups in ways that more closely follow the internal organization of a company and/or its computer networks. Accordingly, we have improved the BelManage system as described below.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0011] The improved system manages computer profile data using primary and secondary grouping criteria. The system can thus select particular computers using the primary grouping criteria and then further refine the selection using otherwise unrelated secondary grouping criteria. As an example, the system may use IP addresses as the primary grouping criteria and domain name as the secondary grouping criteria for certain or all of the IP addresses.

[0012] The system uses a group mapping database table that includes profile value-to-match fields for both the primary grouping and the secondary grouping criteria. In the example, the table includes in the primary profile value-to-match field select numbers of the higher order bits of the IP address and in the secondary profile value-to-match field the computer domains names. To assign a computer to a group, the system extracts the data of interest for both the primary and the secondary grouping criteria from the profile data uploaded from the computer, and then queries the table for records that contain matching values in both fields. The entry for the secondary value to match may be set to NULL in a given record if there are no associated secondary grouping criteria. As discussed in more detail below, the system selects the group for a particular computer based on the particular retrieved records.

[0013] The current system also allows the administrator to specify ranges of profile values-to-match for one or both of the primary and the secondary grouping criteria, rather than requiring exact matches. In the example, the administrator may specify ranges within which the IP addresses and/or computer domains must fall for inclusion of a computer in a particular group. To use the ranges, the group mapping database table is expanded to five fields, namely, primary low limit profile value, primary high limit profile value, secondary low limit profile value, secondary high limit profile value and group name. If the primary and/or secondary criteria require an exact match, the corresponding low and high limits may be set to the same values. If there are no secondary grouping criteria associated with a particular primary grouping range, the corresponding entries for the secondary low and high limit profile values are set to NULL.

[0014] Additional grouping criteria may also be used to further refine the selection of computers for the groups, with additional fields for associated values-to-match or ranges included in the group mapping database table.

[0015] The ways in which the computers are grouped can be readily changed by altering the ranges for any or all of the grouping criteria. Similarly, values or ranges for grouping criteria may be added to records in which the corresponding fields were set to NULL, to provide more flexibility in how the computers are grouped. Accordingly, the system administrator is not required to change large numbers of records in the group mapping database table and/or re-install configured client software in large numbers of computers to make the changes.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The invention description below refers to the accompanying drawings, of which:

[0017]FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a system constructed in accordance with the current invention;

[0018]FIG. 2 is a group mapping database table for use by the system of FIG. 1;

[0019]FIG. 3 is a an alternative group mapping database table for use by the system of FIG. 1;

[0020]FIGS. 4 and 5 are reports produced by the system of FIG. 1; and

[0021]FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the operations of the system of FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENT

[0022] Referring now to FIG. 1, a company operates a network 100 that includes various computers 10, some of which may be workstations, laptops, servers or other devices (not shown) that communicate over an intranet, which is denoted in the drawing by the reference numeral 16. A server 14, which is the profile group managing server, manages a computer information database 18 that contains the profile data for the computers on the intranet 16 and any other computers (not shown) that are under company control. Hereinafter, all computers under the control of the company are referenced as “computers 10.” The server 14 runs profile group management software, which is denoted in the drawing by the reference numeral 20. The server 14 will sometimes be referred to herein as the profile group manager.

[0023] The computers 10 run client profile software that, at the respective computers, collects profile data and uploads the data to the profile group managing server 14. The client profile software is denoted in the drawing by the reference numeral 22. The profile group manager 14 manages the computer profile data by grouping the computers into a specified tree-structure of groups, based on primary and/or secondary grouping criteria. The profile group manager then manipulates the data to produce reports that summarize the attributes of the computers in the various groups. The primary and secondary grouping criteria are based on selected methods of grouping, such as IP Address, Windows Domain, Windows Login, PC Name and so forth. As discussed in more detail below, the grouping criteria may be selected essentially to correspond to the underlying organization of the network 100 and/or the company.

[0024] Referring now also to FIG. 2, the profile group manager uses a group mapping database table 200 to map the computers to the appropriate group based on primary and secondary grouping criteria. The mapping table 200 includes three fields, namely, a primary profile value to match field 202, a secondary profile value to match field 203 and a group path field 204. The group path field 204 contains paths from the company level, that is, paths in which the top or company level is implied. As shown in the drawing, entries for secondary grouping criteria values may be set to NULL when there is no corresponding secondary grouping criteria associated with a given primary grouping criteria. To include a computer in a group, the system extracts from the uploaded profile the data that corresponds to the primary grouping criteria and the secondary grouping criteria. The system then queries the group mapping database table for records that match the extracted data. The system also includes in the query the condition that the secondary low value to match may be NULL, such that NULL acts as a wildcard. The operations of the system are discussed in more detail below with reference to FIG. 6.

[0025] Referring now also to FIG. 3, the primary and/or secondary grouping criteria may include ranges of values, such as ranges of IP addresses. Accordingly, the profile group manager may use a group mapping database table 300 that includes five fields 302-306. Two of the fields, namely, a Profile Data Low field 302 and a Profile Data High field 303, define the range of profile values of interest that correspond to the primary grouping. In the example depicted in the drawing, the Profile Data Low and Profile Data High fields denote ranges of values for the IP addresses. The two fields Profile Data2 Low 304 and Profile Data2 High 305 set a range for the profile values of interest that correspond to the secondary grouping criteria. In the example, the fields 304 and 305 denote Computer Domain names. As shown, the high and low values for a given grouping may be equal, such that the profile data of interest must be an exact match for inclusion of the computer in the corresponding group. Also as shown, there may be no corresponding secondary criteria for certain primary grouping criteria, and the entries in secondary value fields 304 and 305 are then set to NULL in the applicable table records.

[0026] When a grouping method based on IP address uses high and low limits, the system preferably uses the entire address as the data of interest, rather than just selected most significant bits. In addition, the IP address is preferably formatted with leading zeros on the octets for use in the database query. The address commonly shown as 10.2.3.4 is formatted as 010.002.003.004, so that database dictionary sorting order comparisons provide the correct numerical comparisons. Further, the low and high limits for the grouping should also be formatted with leading zeros.

[0027] Referring now also to FIG. 4, a profile report 400 contains summaries of various profile data for the computers that are included in the sub-tree with the group West as the root, namely, the groups West, West/Sales, and West/Marketing. The report may instead be written for a lower-level group, as shown in FIG. 5. Other reports are created to summarize various other attributes of the computers at the various group levels, such as, types and counts of hardware devices, quantities of licensed software, and so forth.

[0028] To provide the profile data, the client profile software 22 on a given computer 10 collects hardware and software configuration and performance data from various registries, files, menus and so forth. The data includes:

[0029] Hardware component information such as manufacturer, system, BIOS, CPU, bus, memory, hard disks (local and shared, logical and physical), tape drives, video cards, sound cards, printers, network, and operating system;

[0030] Software version information about applications including manufacturer, product name, version number, and install directory;

[0031] Software License information about popular software packages installed on each computer, including Product Ids and Registration Numbers;

[0032] Login account list of local logins the computer allows and date of last login for each.

[0033] Performance data such as network activity, CPU utilization, number of reboots, and hard drive SMART failures;

[0034] Microsoft hotfixes; and

[0035] User Defined Entries such as name, address, phone number, location.

[0036] At designated times, the client computers connect to the profile group manager 14 over the intranet 16 or, as appropriate, over the internet, and upload the collected data, or profiles.

[0037] Referring now also to FIG. 6, when the profile group manager receives a profile from a client (step 600), the profile group manager extracts data of interest based on a specified primary grouping method (step 602). The extracted data is referred to hereinafter as “firstData.” If no secondary grouping method is specified (step 603), the profile group manager queries the group mapping database table for records in which the primary low limit is less than or equal to firstData and the primary high limit is greater than or equal to firstData (steps 603, 618). In response to the query, the system returns matching records in database order. If the query returns a single record, the profile group manager includes the computer in, that is, associates the profile data with, the group listed in the record (steps 619, 620, 624). If more than one record is returned, the profile group manager uses the first record found (steps 620, 622). If the query does not find any matching records, the profile group manager includes the computer in a default group (steps 619, 626). The default group may, for example, be the top level group.

[0038] If a secondary grouping method is specified, the profile group manager extracts the applicable data of interest (steps 603, 604). The extracted value is referred to hereinafter as “secondData.” The profile group manager then queries the table for records in which the primary low limit is less than or equal to firstData and the primary high limit is greater than or equal to firstData, and the secondary low limit is less than or equal to secondData and the secondary high limit is greater than or equal to secondData. In addition, the profile group manager queries the table for records in which both the primary low limit is less than or equal to firstData and the primary high limit is greater than or equal to firstData and the secondary low limit is NULL or the empty string (step 606). This last check allows NULL and the empty string to be used as wildcards for the secondary grouping criteria.

[0039] If the query returns a single record, the profile group manager includes the computer in the group listed in the record (steps 607, 608, 616). If, however, the query returns more than one record, the profile group manager uses the first record found that has a secondary low limit (steps 608-610). Otherwise, if none of the returned records have secondary low limits, the manager uses the last record returned (steps 609, 612). The last record presumably includes primary grouping criteria that is set to a “catch all” range. If the query does not find any matching records, the system includes the computer in the default group (steps 607, 614).

[0040] We further explain the system operations by way of examples. As a first example, a company operates its headquarters on one IP subnet and its sales and marketing divisions on a second IP subnet. The group mapping database table used by the system is shown in FIG. 3. The profile group manager manages the network computers 10 using as the primary grouping criteria ranges of IP addresses and as the secondary grouping criteria computer domains. The reports thus organize the computers in the following groups:

[0041] Company/HQ

[0042] Company/West/sales

[0043] Company/West/marketing.

[0044] As discussed, the system uses a default group for computers that do match any of the grouping criteria. These computers may be included in the reports as, for example, the group Company/ungrouped. As desired, the system may also produce separate reports for the two subnets and/or the two divisions, as well as for the entire company.

[0045] In another example, the company uses several IP subnets and for each subnet the same set of computer domains. The subnets may, for example, operate in various factories that each have manufacturing, sales and marketing divisions. The system again uses IP addresses as the primary grouping criteria and computer domain as the secondary grouping criteria. The profile group manager includes the computers in the groups

[0046] Company/subnet 1/mfg

[0047] Company/subnet 1/mkt

[0048] Company/subnet 1/sls

[0049] Company/subnet 2/mfg

[0050] Company/subnet 2/mkt

[0051] Company/subnet 2/sls

[0052] etc.

[0053] In yet another example, the grouping mimics both a company's organizational structure and its underlying physical set up. The company uses structured PC Names that include three letters followed by four digits. The three letters denote the organizational responsibilities of the computer's user, and the numbers make the name unique. The three letters may be “sls” for sales, “mkt” for marketing, and so forth.

[0054] The PC Name is the primary grouping criteria and thus reflects the company's organization. To provide separate groups for east and west regional sales manager and marketing managers, the IP Address may be used as the secondary grouping criteria. The profile group manager then groups the computers into

[0055] Company/Sales/West

[0056] Company/Sales/East

[0057] Company/Marketing/West

[0058] Company/Marketing/East

[0059] The profile group manager then produces reports organized by the company, by sales and marketing groups and by regional groups. As discussed, the reports for a given group include the sub-tree with the group as the root. The head of marketing, for example, will want reports for all of marketing and thus use the marketing group level, while a regional manager may want reports for only his region and use the regional group level. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of managing a computer information database that contains computer profile data for computers, the method including the steps of: A. determining a tree structure of groups for the computers based on primary grouping criteria and secondary grouping criteria; B. including in a database mapping table fields that correspond to primary grouping criteria and secondary groupings criteria for the computers, and including in the fields in respective table records values for profile data of interest that correspond to the primary groupings and secondary groupings, the table further including in the records information that identifies the respective groups to which the values apply; C. receiving for inclusion in the database computer profile data from a plurality of computers; D. for the profile data from a given computer extracting data that corresponds to the profile data of interest for the primary groupings and the secondary groupings, querying the table to determine if the extracted data correspond to the values that are included in the primary grouping and secondary grouping fields in any of the records in the table, and if the query results in one or more table records that include secondary low values, assigning the computer to the group named in the first record found, if the query results in no records, assigning the computer to a default group, or if the query results in multiple records and there are no corresponding secondary low values in the records, assigning the computer to the group in the last record found; and E. manipulating the data from the database to produce reports that summarize the attributes of the computers in the groups, with each report for a given group including therein the attributes of the computers in the groups that are on a sub-tree with the given group as its root
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein one or more table records includes secondary grouping values set to NULL.
 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the values associated with the primary groupings are ranges and the step of determining if the extracted data correspond to the values further includes determining if the corresponding extracted data of interest falls within one of the primary grouping ranges.
 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the values associated with the secondary groupings are ranges and the step of determining if the extracted data correspond to the values further includes determining if the corresponding extracted data of interest falls within one of the secondary grouping ranges.
 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of querying further includes determining if the extracted data corresponds to the primary grouping criteria and a secondary low value of NULL or the empty set.
 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the primary and secondary grouping criteria are user-specified.
 7. A method of managing a computer information database that contains computer profile data for computers, the method including the steps of: A. determining a tree structure of groups for the computers based on primary grouping criteria; B. including in a database mapping table fields that correspond to a range of values for profile data of interest corresponding to primary grouping criteria used to include the computers in groups for profile data reporting, and including in the fields in respective table records high and low values for the primary grouping profile data of interest, the table further including in the records information that identifies the respective groups to which the values apply; C. receiving for inclusion in the database computer profile data from a plurality of computers; D. for the profile data from a given computer extracting data that correspond to the primary grouping profile data of interest, querying the table to determine if the extracted data fall withing the primary grouping criteria ranges included in the table records, and if the query results in one or more table records assigning the computer to the group named in the first record found, or if the query results in no records, assigning the computer to a default group; and E. manipulating the data from the data base to produce reports that summarize the attributes of the computers in the groups, with the report for a given group including therein the attributes of the computers in the groups that are on a sub-tree with the given group as its root.
 8. The method of claim 1 further including the steps of including in the table a range of values for profile data of interest corresponding to secondary grouping criteria used to include the computers in groups for profile data reporting, and including in the fields in respective table records high and low values for the secondary grouping profile data of interest, and for the profile data from a given computer further extracting data that correspond to the secondary grouping profile data of interest, further querying the table to determine if the further extracted data fall withing the secondary grouping criteria ranges included in the table records, and if the query results in one or more table records that include secondary low values, assigning the computer to the group named in the first record found, if the query results in no records, assigning the computer to a default group, or if the the query results in multiple records and there are no corresponding secondary low values in the records, assigning the computer to the group in the last record found.
 9. The method of claim 8 wherein the step of querying further includes determining if the extracted data corresponds to the primary grouping criteria and a secondary low value of NULL or the empty set. 